Category Archives: Christianity & culture

Dead end questions

In Matthew’s gospel, chapter 13 collects a number of Jesus’ parables together. They’re all provocative, but I’ve always been fascinated by the parable of the weeds.

Jesus’ story is of a man who sowed good seed, but the field was later oversown with weeds among the grain. The owner forbids his servants from eliminating the weeds, ‘lest in gathering the weeds you root up the wheat along with them’ (verse 29). The servants must wait until the harvest.

In Jesus’ explanation (verses 36-43), he tells that the harvest is the close of the age. Until then, the kingdom of heaven is growing, but not at all marked by purity.

In other words, until the final judgement of God, this world will be marked by a mixture of good and evil. There will certainly be a division between the good things of the kingdom and the weeds of the evil one. Yet God’s judgement is delayed for a purpose: to provide safety now for those who will be be safe at the judgement.

In a very short story, Jesus directly addresses the problem of on-going evil. Jesus agrees that the presence of evil is awful. Evil remains evil, and must be ‘gathered and burned with fire’. Evil intrinsically prompts God’s servants to ask, ‘Shall we get rid of this now?’ At the same time, the delay in elimination of evil serves a divine purpose.

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For Christians, this is just one passage from the Bible that we draw on to consider the real difficulty known as the problem of evil. It’s one passage among many. Christians have a long history of admitting the pain of persistent evil.

So Christians have many valuable ways to talk with our friends who ask, ‘How can there be a God if evil exists?’

But there’s a surprise. When I hear  people ask this, it’s usually sounds like a an attempt to stop that conversation. Your experience might be different – I hope so. All too often, the question is not asked to seek wisdom. Instead, it’s a question to close down the topic. It’s a dead end question.

When translated, the statement becomes, ‘Look, we all know that evil makes you and God irrelevant, so don’t try to trick me into talking about it.’

That’s sad for so many reasons, but I want to ask one thing: how an we help open this closed door?

Of course, if a friend really is saying, ‘Don’t talk to me’, that’s fine. I am sure, though, that some people would love to talk further. They might have a genuine question, or they might be ready to be intrigued. So here are some ideas about keeping the conversation happening.

  • Be direct. ‘Are you asking that to have more conversation, or because you’d prefer not to talk about it right now?’
  • Be intriguing. ‘It surprises me that people accuse Christianity of ignorance about suffering, because at centre of our faith is a violent injustice.’
  • Be honest. ‘I can tell you how suffering has touched me. And how knowing God was the biggest help of all.’
  • Suggest the future. ‘I feel you don’t want to talk about this now, but I hope one day will will. I’d love to be there for that conversation.’
  • Be caring. ‘Has you been hurt by this kind of pain? Or by people telling you to get over it?’

What would you suggest? Have you had conversations on this topic? I’d love to hear what you learnt. Please add your comments or questions below.

 


 

Quick review: Defending Constantine

Defending Constantine: The Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of ChristendomDefending Constantine: The Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of Christendom by Peter J. Leithart

My rating: 4 of 5 stars

What happened when the Roman world gained a Christian leader?

What events happened to bring this leader, Constantine, to be Augustus of both east and west? What consequences happened for the Roman world? And, perhaps most contentiously, what happened to Christianity as a result of the change? Within a couple of decades, churches went from being persecuted under Diocletian to receiving official support from Constantine.

The answers to these questions have many implications for how we express history, politics, theology and theological politics.

Leithart’s book – to oversimplify – shows that a lot happened! The range of events and implications, however, are so complex that they should not be reduced to cliché summaries (eg. ‘The church fell in the fourth century’).

Each chapter of Defending Constantine is a fascinating essay on a particular angle of the history of events or theological implications of that history. At first, I found it hard to discern where the book was going, overall. Yet it all came together in the wonderful final chapter, ‘Rome Baptized.’ At the start of this chapter, Leithart summarises his conclusions about Constantine the man and emperor. Then the majority of the chapter considers Constantine’s lasting effect on Rome (and on politics). In Leithart’s terms, Constantine desacrificed Rome and baptised Rome.

Through the whole work, a constant sparring partner is John Howard Yoder. Yoder’s theological politics casts a long shadow over much contemporary thinking about society, but I am not able to say how fairly Yoder has been represented. Leithart treats Yoder with great respect: with some deep agreement, but equally with points of profound disagreement. Defending Constantine could serve as a follow-up to study of Christian social ethics or (as in my case) a spur to reading Yoder and others in this field.

It’s also worth nothing that this book has a most useful bibliography of primary and secondary sources.

Conclusion: for its history and for provoking thought on theology and politics, recommended.


 

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Earn that respect

People say:

He has to earn the right to lead

Or:

Respect is earned, it’s not a right

Perhaps they refer to a political leader, a police officer, the boss in the workplace, a parent. It’s an eco-friendly idea because it’s frequently recycled. This is what I think they mean.

  • No one in leadership has inherent authority to tell me what to do
  • I have inherent power to tell leaders what to do
  • No position includes the automatic right to respect
  • Those who fill roles and positions must respect my will and opinion

In other words: ‘There’s no such thing as power, except when it’s in my hands.’

 


 

 

The Slippery Slope

The trouble with the slippery slope argument is that it is sometimes true.

Sometimes. True.

There are times when one smaller step leads to a larger step. We can become desensitised to crude language, or casual mockery of the opposite sex. And it then we do these things in increasing measure.

  • Because sometimes true, we cannot brush aside the slippery slope argument.

Yet there are times when this argument does not apply. Plenty of people know how to enjoy a beer without falling into drunkenness. We know how to befriend someone without personal compromise, even with profound disagreement regarding God, politics, family life, etc.

  • Because sometimes true, we must be wary of applying this argument to every situation.

 


 

FIEC annual conference 2012

In the last few days the family and I have been at the annual conference of the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches (www.fiec.org.au). Along the way, I jotted down some notes. These are not minutes or comprehensive, just some gleanings from all that we heard.

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There was a reminder: any and every church or Christian ministry has the basic human need as its basis. This need and problem is not sin, but the wrath of God which all sinners deservedly face. ‘But now, the righteousness of God has been revealed … in Jesus Christ whom God presented as a propitiation’ (Romans 3:21-26).

How could we in FIEC ever be content with so many people unaware of and uninterested in the gospel that offers free and just forgiveness?

One topic central to the conference was the nature of church.

Part of thinking about church is perceiving how Christians and churches are viewed in Australia. There was a suggestion that Christians now viewed in a new way in Australia: not simply wrong, but evil. I’d not heard that before. Do you think it’s true?

Within church circles, evangelical Christians are accused of having no doctrine of church (or ecclesiology). And also accused of being too congregational. It cannot be both, surely. Underlying this criticism, really, is a different view of church.

To do church well, including planting new churches, we do need to be sure of what Bible says about church. We should also be aware current ways the English word brings many non-biblical meanings. We might be the ones who need to admit a need to change.

For the specific doctrine of church, we benefit immensely with reminders of God’s big plan. Obviously, God’s overarching plan encompasses all other plans, including church ones. God’s plan: uniting all things under Christ (Eph 1:10). In this we certainly see individuals saved. Yet more commonly the Bible explains this as church formation. God brings peace for one new humanity (Eph 2:14-16). Jesus has everything under his get for the sake of his headship over the church (Eph 1:22).

Since all true unity is gospel unity, a number of consequences follow. We need to ensure, for example, that the structure of church never trumps the gospel. We must be wary of loyalty to the FIEC, for instance. As long as FIEC exists, we should aim to be characterised by discussion of and contention for the gospel (much more than discussion of and contention for a structure!).

There was more, of course. I hope these snippets give some sense of the conference.

What now? Firstly: I have many ideas to share with folk at church with the aim of growing what we do in Albury. Secondly: I encourage anyone who wants to find out about the FIEC to get to the annual conference (and that includes the Albury leaders – not naming names …).

 


 

A Christian’s worst enemy

A Christian’s worst enemy is usually another Christian.

By this, I don’t mean sinful gossip or slander. Nor have I in mind deliberate violent action. I have in mind the casual put-down, the conversational mockery, the throw-away snub.

Here’s one that’s typical. It’s modified to highlight the standard pattern, and because the original source is irrelevant.

While most Christians stay silent about [real social problem], [cultural identity] doesn’t.

[Real social problem] might be: poverty, mental health, racism, ecology, trade injustice, etc.
[Cultural identity] can be: an author, an NGO, a different religion, schools, etc.

The pattern is all over the place. I’ve seen it in Christian publication, book reviews, blogs, guest speaker introductions, magazines and probably a dozen places I will never remember.

And I hate it.

Why? So many reasons! (Time for that famous blog format – a list.)

  1. It’s smug
    ‘I’m not like all those other Christians – I see the problem.’
  2. It’s slander
    Unless, of course, you have some reason to show that the church was overwhelmingly different from society (different in a bad way). If you are an expert, shoot live rounds. If you really don’t know, then hold fire
  3. It hates what God loves
    If Revelation shows us anything about human organisations, it’s that the church survives while all other forces die. And the church survives with joy and beauty. The wedding supper of the lamb (Revelation 19:6-9) has a guest list to die for – Jesus did and his followers continue to
  4. It lacks faith
    When I search my life – and yours too! – as well as look at churches, I remain unimpressed. Such a mess we make… Yet the bride of Revelation 19 is dressed in white linen for good works. These works are given by and empowered by God. God promises to complete his work of making a holy people. Do we trust our sight or his promise, our own power or his Spirit?
  5. It’s such casual hatred
    If you hate Christians, at least be honest. Rant and rave and express the outrage at whatever sins we’ve committed. Or be fair dinkum like some of the atheist opponents of all things ‘god.’ Please don’t fall for the casual, ‘Yeah, Christians are mostly losers’

Who knows the effect of such regular casual put-downs? This way of speaking of fellow Christians surely cannot spur us to Christ-imitating self-sacrificial love for God’s children. I can’t see it moving us to lay down our lives for the brothers (1 John 3:16).

So, the testing question for author and reader: how do you speak of God’s people?

 


 

Mission work & Olympic TV coverage

In which a sports-loving blogger finds a link between TV sports and missiology …

Oi! Oi! Oi!

In Australia – and maybe the rest of the world also – Olympic games TV coverage is famously parochial. By this I mean that coverage not only tries to show as many Aussies as possible, but then fawns obsessively on those who gain success. Bleagh! (But we keep watching the sport/advertising, so we all must take some of the blame.)

Let’s assume that we somehow got the coverage ‘just right’ – perfectly pitched and balanced. What would it look like?  Perfect Olympic coverage would be the perfect example of mission practice.

Missiology is thinking about how to do Christian mission – how to announce to all that Jesus Christ is Lord. ‘How’ shows an interest in method. ‘To all’ is required, for mission crosses cultures. ‘Jesus Christ is Lord’ is the message, and also implies the result, the invitation to repent and believe.

But back to what would make great Olympic coverage.

Talk to the local audience

The Olympics on Australian TV should show as many of the Australian performances as possible. It should celebrate victory. It should also cover athletes in obscure sports, or who have no great hopes of success. These team members represent Australia, so it seems wrong to bury them just because they fail to qualify for finals.

If an unknown Australia archer does not appear in Chinese or German TV coverage, fair enough. But if s/he is brushed aside in Australian TV studios that would be terribly rude.

Mission insight: speak the local language and dialect. Celebrate the high points for local people. Your Christian mission might be in Mongolia or in Melbourne. No matter where it is, talk so locals can understand.

Don’t be too parochial

Australia’s obesity problems might be the responsibility of our Olympic broadcasters: a constant diet of sugary-sweet slow-motion success-snippets.

It’s nice that we won that medal. But we don’t need to watch endless repeats of the winning move, do we? Or have inane interviews with every single participant, not to mention their ‘inspirational’ first grade teacher. (There seems no end to the number of ways to ask, ‘How did you feel?’)

This kind of coverage is all too self-glorifying: ‘Look, aren’t we good?’, ‘The whole nation is proud of you’, ‘We punch above our weight’, and so on.

Mission insight: as we love the local culture, the Gospel of Jesus will find fault. Therefore every missionary must have times of un-ease no matter how well they are enculturated. Every place and culture is touched by the ugliness of sin. It’s not love to glorify a human system beyond reality.

Tell the major story

The joy of international games, like the Olympics, if often in seeing huge stories that are not our own. Australia does well at swimming, but the 2008 Olympic pool was dominated by Michael Phelps. Even Down Under, Phelps had to be lauded. Australia had no finalists in the 100m track, yet it would have been our loss if we did not watch Usain Bolt.

Good TV coverage has to tell us the headline news from all sports. If it doesn’t, then we are uninformed.

Mission insight: all missionaries have to tell the world the big news, the account of Jesus crucified, risen and reigning. This is an obvious but essential reminder. Every mission – at home or abroad – has 1000s of opportunities. There is hospitality and care and communication and listening and giving family advice and practising compassion and showing sympathy and … All good things! In fulfilling these, we are to remember to talk about Jesus, because he is the major story.

 

We’re all so Christian

A friend told me that Buddhism was life-changing. Her description of what Buddhism taught her sounded, to me, perfectly Christian and terribly non-Buddhist.

As she said, Buddhism teaches that pain arises from desire. But how did she understand this?

Her illustration and explanation said that trying to grasp onto things only leads to disappointment when they – inevitably – are taken away. So, instead, we should hold things lightly, happy to seek out good things but content even if they fade or prove unattainable.

But that’s not Buddhist, going by my (inadequate) understanding. It’s my understanding that Buddhist philosophy teaches that all desire causes pain and should be negated. Even a ‘gentle’ desire is, therefore, undesirable.

I could not help thinking that her ‘Buddhist’ ideas were profoundly Christian. And probably ideas she’d picked up in a society deeply shaped by biblical teaching.

It’s Christian to say that creation is good and that God made it for enjoyment (see 1 Timothy 4:4-5). It is also very important not to grasp on to what God gives us, for it is idolatry to exalt the creation over the Creator (Romans 1:27).

I think my friend exemplifies a very common situation: that someone ‘not interested in Christianity’ actually loves something that it explicitly Christian. The treasure of the Bible and its worldview is still a treasure, even when the giver receives no thanks.

In a way, all people raised in a place like Australia have Christan roots. We’re all ‘Christian’, even when far away from being a follower of Christ. In another example, I remember an atheist’s proposal for how atheist-Christian conversation should take place. It was full of good ideas like respect and true listening. Every one of the positive ideas was grounded in biblical doctrine: creation in God’s image justifies equal respect (survival of the fittest justifies no such thing).

I would like to know how to sensitively raise this with people. I don’t want to sound superior or triumphant – ‘You’ve just said a Christian thing, ner nernie ner ner.’ I would love to see people become open to investigate that which they’ve written off.

I didn’t say anything to my friend. What do you suggest?

 


 

Persecution: which God/god will you turn to?

Over Easter came the news of another  bomb attack on Christians in Nigeria. This account from the New York Times includes a disturbing observation about Muslim attacks:

Churches have been increasingly targeted by violence on holy days in Nigeria, a nation of more than 160 million people. A Christmas Day suicide bombing in Madalla, near Nigeria’s capital, killed at least 44 people.

I have no idea of what it feels like to live in this kind of situation. What are the pressures and fears? How do the risks affect an individual, or a church?

Despite not knowing the experience, here’s one thought about what happens when people are attacked for our beliefs. Persecution reveals which God/god we turn to.

An immediate reaction is to turn to the attacker and attack back – or long to do so. It’s reactive, and it’s a just thing. After all, we rejoice that the Lord will come and judge the world with justice (Psalm 96:11-13).

Yet if taken to obsession, Christians can become fixated on Islam: Islam as the threat; Muslims as the enemy; the god of Mohammed as a danger; etc. In such case, haven’t we turned to focus on the wrong god?

As I’ve struggled for what to pray for persecuted Christians – in Nigeria and elsewhere – I regularly end up asking that Christians turn to the God of the Gospel. I ask that God fill his people will knowledge of the Holy One. And that Christians learn that the weak Gospel of Jesus is victorious, that the foolish message of love for enemy is more powerful than any jihad, and that the way to resurrection life is via the cross. I ask that, despite violent challenge from a false god, Christians will react to the challenge by turning once again to the real God.

 


 

Religion’s biggest enemy

Melbourne just hosted the Global Atheist Convention. While I have not been a keen follower of these events, I have the distinct impression that the discussion has been a whole lot more constructive than previously. Of course that may reflect the sources of information I gravitate towards.

One stream of comment in the New Atheism is the ridicule of religion. Much of the ridicule, unfortunately, holds dearly to a false premise: that atheists the only ones to ridicule religion.

Nothing could be further from the truth. The greatest mocker of religion is God. The strongest words against religion are in the Bible. The human heart longs for religion – and it is a terrifyingly simple move to twist real life with the real God into religious life with a ridiculous god.

Before looking at some of the Bible verses that prove this, here’s my very brief take on the nature of religion. Religion is untrue and irrational (comparing the real God with imagined gods is farcical). Religion is human-centred (what we can do, not what God has done). Religion is, ironically, dehumanising (allowing ritual or idols to overrule human dignity). Religion is enslaving (the demands of ritual never end, for achievement is never guaranteed).

God’s ridicule includes:

Their [the nations’] idols are silver and gold,
the work of human hands.
They have mouths, but do not speak;
eyes, but do not see.
They have ears, but do not hear;
noses, but do not smell.
They have hands, but do not feel;
feet, but do not walk;
and they do not make a sound in their throat.
Psalm 115:4-7

He plants a cedar and the rain nourishes it. Then it becomes fuel for a man. He takes a part of it and warms himself; he kindles a fire and bakes bread. Also he makes a god and worships it; he makes it an idol and falls down before it. Half of it he burns in the fire. Over the half he eats meat; he roasts it and is satisfied. Also he warms himself and says, “Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire!”  And the rest of it he makes into a god, his idol, and falls down to it and worships it. He prays to it and says, “Deliver me, for you are my god!”
Isaiah 44:14-17

I also think of Elijah’s ridicule of the prophets of Baal in their religious frenzy. “Surely he is a god! Rave harder, that will get him out of the toilet to answer your prayer” (1 Kings 18:27).

God is not comfortable with religion. He does not tolerate it. He is not generous or welcoming to religious ideas. These things offend him, and belittle all of his creation. In consequence, God moves beyond mockery to judgement. He acts against religion. God’s searing indictment strikes fear into the heart of the religious:

Those who make them [idols] become like them;
so do all who trust in them.
Psalm 115:8

It’s a most fitting and most awful prospect – to follow a false god is to become like that false god. This process, and God’s active part in it, is seen in Romans 1.

Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.
Therefore God gave them up …
For this reason God gave them up …
And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done.

Galatians trumpets the view that religion is slavery and deadly. To insist upon non-essentials (in Galatia, it was circumcision) is astonishingly against the grace of Jesus Christ. Religion is anathema, accursed by God (Galatians 1:8-9). Paul knew what he wanted for those who peddle religion as a way to God. I can assure you what he wanted was not tolerance (Galatians 5:12.)

Religion’s biggest enemy? It’s God.